Air Quality at Artisanal Crude Oil Refinery Sites in Igia-Ama, Tombia Kingdom, Rivers State, Nigeria

Artisanal unrefined petroleum refining is an criminal operation successful in the lubricate-rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria, and their projects are known to cause weighty air pollution, apparent by incidences of dark smoke pollution in many parts concerning this region. This study proposed to ascertain the air condition around artisanal unrefined petroleum purifier sites situated in Igia-Ama, Tombia Kingdom, Rivers State, Nigeria. Air character assessment was completed activity using air feature sensor for physicochemical parameters and fall plate exposure for microbial limits, listened for both dry and wet seasons. During the wet season, SOx, NOx, VOC, CH4, CO, CO2,O3, NH3, H2S, PM 1, PM 2.5, PM 7, PM10, TSP, Noise, Wind speed, Air hotness, Relative humidity aggregation ranged from 0-0.05 ppm, 0.04 - 0.07 ppm, 1004.00 - 1320.00 ppm, 34.33 - 39.67 ppm, 1.33 - 3.00 ppm, 765.00-1556.67 ppm, 0.2 to 0.3 ppm, 0.05 to 0.10 ppm, 0.13 to 0.20 ppm, 15.73 - 0 21.50 µg/m3, 33.53-34.17 µg/m3, 55.47 - 55.93 µg/m3, 64.30 - 67.50 µg/m3, 49.60 - 76.97 µg/m3, 45.63– 48.37dB, 1.13 -1.23 M/S, 28.30 - 29.73oC and 63.13 - 69.23 % individually. During the dry season, SOx, NOx, VOC, CH4, CO, CO2, O3, NH3, H2S, PM 1, PM 2.5, PM 7, PM10, TSP, Noise, Wind speed, Air temperature, Relative moisture aggregation ranged from 0.08-0.53 ppm, 0.12 - 0.19 ppm, 1027.33 - 1750.33 ppm, 21.00 - 50.33 ppm, 1.33 – 2.67 ppm, 1226.67-1551540.00 ppm, 0.09 to 0.55 ppm, 0.04 to 0.09 ppm, 0.04 to 0.63 ppm, 26.47 - 33.97 µg/m3, 39.60-51.23 µg/m3, 57.90 - 84.27 µg/m3, 89.13 - 100.17 µg/m3, 128.83 – 170.30 µg/m3, 49.17– 56.73dB, 0.15 -1.97 M/S, 29.07 - 32.57oC and 66.67 - 71.87 % individually. Results revealed statically important differences (p<0.05) in air limits per season (dry and wet) and between jolted sites and control, concerning NOx, VOC, CO2, O3, PM 1, PM 2.5, PM 4, PM 7, PM 10, TSP and noise levels. During the dry season, Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Count (THBC) categorized from 4.4-4.8 log CFU/m3, and Total Fungal Count (TFC) from 4.4-4.8 record CFU/m3. During the wet season THBC ranged from 4.9-5.2 record CFU/m3 and TFC ranged from 2.5-4.6 record CFU/m3. Results disclosed no statically significant distinctnesses (p<0.05) in microbial count per season (dry and wet) as well as 'tween the polluted sites and control. The bacterial isolates were labeled as belonging to five type: Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Escherichia, while the fungal isolates concern three genera: Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The overdone concentrations of NOx, SOx, and the presence of allergenic and pathogenic microorganisms manage pose danger to community health.

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