An Overview of Methods of Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of Natural Medicinal Plant Prod

Traditional community use of herbal plants is very important, and they contribute to plant biodiversity and conservation. Natural products are important components of complementary and alternative medicine, nutraceuticals, food supplements, and pharmacological bioactive metabolites of novel chemical entities. Due to the vast flora and fauna biodiversity that creates the essential chemical variety, bioactive secondary metabolites from herbal plants of various kinds are key sources and present big prospects for medication active pharmaceuticals. In the search for lead, phytochemical research has become increasingly popular in high throughput (HTS) screening procedures. Many phytomedicines for diverse therapeutic areas have been created from herbal products, and phytochemicals of herbal extracts for traditional purposes contain numerous types of bioactive metabolites of pharmacological and pharmacotherapeutic character. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the extraction, isolation, and characterization of the rich medicinal plant biodiversity of potential pharmaceutical importance, as well as the major drawbacks and challenges in phytochemical extraction, isolation, and characterization in plant extracts. Phytochemicals in medicinal plants have been studied with more emphasis on the extraction process which is a vital stage in the analysis of bioactive compounds in medicinal plant research. The advantages and disadvantages of the different extraction methods is important to discuss following the regulatory guidelines and different pharmacopoeia. The analysis of bioactive molecules in herbal products involves the applications of various phytochemical screening methods, and the use of chromatographic techniques such as TLC and HPLC, including in some cases the non-chromatographic methods like Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), immunoassay. This paper has been motivated by the challenges faced by most pharmacy students in data mining of information on phytochemical screening and testing of biological activities in projects related to herbal plants research. This write up is also geared towards providing students with information on the preclinical drug discovery process towards the formulation of an improved traditional medicine/ phytomedicine.

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