Antihelminthic Activity, Phytochemical Profile and Microscopic Features of Ocimum basilicum ....

The primary goal of this analysis is to confirm the bioactivity of O. basilicum, a medicinal plant commonly used to treat helminthiasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Between June 2018 and March 2019, I studied at the Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Kinshasa.

Methodology: At the University of Kinshasa, different sections of O. basilicum (stems, leaves, and flowers) as well as earthworm specimens from Benhamia rosea were collected and described. For mineral content determination, a micrographic analysis was performed using a Biolux NV microscope and the X-ray fluorescence process. The ABTS radical test was used to measure radical scavenging behaviour.

Results: Microscopic examination of O. basilicum powder showed crystalline fibres, sclerotic fibres, spiral vessel fragments, pluricellular hairs, and glandular hairs, among other histological elements. Polyphenols (flavonoids, anthocyanins, saponins), alkaloids, steroids, coumarins, terpenoids, irridoids, and anthraquinones were discovered by phytochemical screening in solution and by TLC. Calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulphur, chlorine, aluminium, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, strontium, rubidium, bromine, silver, vanadium, neodymium, silicium, and lead were among the 20 elements identified. With an IC50 of 27.04 4.58 g/mL, the aqueous extract of O. basilicum demonstrated strong dose-dependent antihelminthic and radical scavenging activity.

Conclusion: This research adds to our knowledge of O. basilicum's mineral composition and antihelminthic behaviour in the DRC. The presence of flavonoids in this plant may be linked to its antihelminthic activity. To the best of our knowledge, there is no research on the histological elements of O. basilicum in the literature.

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