Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and/or Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Leaves Aqueous Extracts Role in ....

The aim of this study was to see if aqueous extracts of basil and/or celery leaves could protect male rats from urinary stones (urolithiasis) and renal degradation caused by drinking water contaminated with ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC).

The Medical Research Center of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, and the duration of the study: The experiment lasted 35 days, with 7 days of acclimatisation and 28 days of experimentation.

Methodology: Fifty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of ten rats each, with the exception of the urolithiatic control group, which had fifteen rats. The rats were given the following treatment: Group I: safe control group (HCG), rats drank distilled water and received a placebo of 1 ml distilled water daily by intra-gastric tube; Group II: urolithiatic control group (UCG), rats drank distilled water containing ( 0.75 percent EG and 1 percent AC ) and had ad libitum access to water and received 1 ml distilled water daily by intra-gastric tube. Urolithiatic rats supplemented with aqueous basil extract (U+ABE) in Group III. Community IV: urolithiatic rats supplemented with aqueous celery extract (U+ACE), rats drank distilled water containing ( 0.75 percent EG and 1 percent AC) and had ad libitum access to water. Rats were given purified water containing (0.75% EG and 1% AC) and had unlimited access to water. They were also given (100mg/kg body weight) aqueous basil extract and (100mg/kg body weight) aqueous celery extract by intra-gastric tube regular. At the end of the 28-day trial, each animal's urine was collected for 24 hours, and the rats were sacrificed under sodium barbiturate anaesthesia. The hepatic portal vein was used to collect blood samples. Biochemical studies involved the separation of serum. Urinary bladder and ureters were isolated and opened to obtain urinary calculi, and kidney samples were separated for tissue homogenate preparation.

The researchers discovered that aqueous extracts of basil and celery contain large amounts of active constituents such as flavonoids and polyphenols. Urine amount, pH, urinary and renal magnesium levels all decreased significantly (p0.01) after drinking water polluted with EG and AC, while urinary and renal calcium, phosphate, and oxalate levels increased significantly (p0.01). It also triggered a substantial rise in the levels of kidney function tests [serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, and cystatin C]. Renal enzyme activities [acidic phosphatase (ACP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] were also significantly increased (p0.01), while renal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly decreased (p0.01). Renal mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased complex-1 activity), apoptosis (increased caspase-3 activity), and oxidative stress (increased renal malondialdehyde (MDA) level related to decreased renal reduced glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity) were also caused by water pollution. Inflammation [increased renal tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) and interleukin 18 (IL-18)] was observed in the urolithiatic control group, as was suppressed immune function [decreased serum immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM)] levels. Mineral precipitation and urinary stone formation were observed in the urolithiatic control group as a result of biochemical changes caused by EG and AM administration. Urolithiatic rats who were given aqueous basil and/or celery extracts improved their urine analysis parameters, renal functions, renal enzyme activities, and mitochondrial function. Aqueous extracts have reduced renal oxidative stress, inflammation, immune suppression, and the development of urinary stones.

Conclusion: The presence of active constituents such as flavonoids and polyphenols in aqueous basil and/or celery extracts counteracted and ameliorated urinary stone formation and renal degradation associated with drinking water polluted with EG and AC. The community supplemented with both extracts showed the most important changes.

Please see the link :- https://www.journalarrb.com/index.php/ARRB/article/view/30299