Dietary Enrichment with Omega -3 Fatty Acid Potentiates Leptin Permeability through the Blood-Brain

Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of fat that has a number of negative health consequences. Most impairments and non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, are associated with it. The goal of this study was to see how an enriched meal supplemented with varying quantities of omega-3 fatty acid affected the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum leptin ratio, obesity, and lipid profile in albino Wistar rats over a short and long period of time. To determine the influence of the enriched diet on health and wellbeing, serum-leptin ratios and indicators such as lipid profile, feed consumption, and adiposity index were acquired. Groups A, B, C, and D were made up of forty Wistar rats divided into four groups of ten, each with five males and females. The control group, group A, was fed only rat food and water. The rats in groups B, C, and D were fed rat chow supplemented with 10%, 20%, and 40% omega-3 fatty acid, respectively. With leptin, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) increased dramatically in a concentration-dependent manner across all experimental groups.

Omega-3 fatty acids, also known as polyunsaturated fatty acids, have long been known for their cardioprotective qualities. Omega-3 fatty acids are ALA, -linoleic acid, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) taken together. The important fatty acid ALA can be transformed into the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. Fish oil and other types of seafood provide these polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Dietary intake is critical for improving blood lipid profiles and lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease. Supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids improved blood lipid profiles and increased HDL, both of which are important in preventing obesity, in the current study. The leptin ratio was calculated using serum-leptin and CSF values, which is also presented here. In addition, the adiposity index decreased significantly in both groups. The relationship between feed consumption and CSF leptin was r=-0.46 for the short-term diet group and r=0.34 for the long-term diet group. According to the results of the study, omega-3 fatty acid enrichment reduced obesity and hunger in Wistar rats while increasing leptin permeability across the blood-brain barrier. The significance of this research is that omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation may help with weight management and obesity prevention and control.

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