Efficacy of Oral Artemisinin and Praziquantel Chemotherapy on Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice ....

The goal of praziquantel-based chemotherapy is to reduce morbidity, as well as the prevalence and severity of Schistosoma mansoni infections. Nonetheless, the evolution of praziquantel resistance in S. mansoni poses a threat to Africa's elimination of this neglected tropical disease. As a result, this study used mice infected with S. Mansoni cercariae to assess the in-vivo efficacy of Praziquantel and Artemisinin.

From day 42 after infection, infected mice with S. mansoni were given varied doses of Artemisinin and Praziquantel to test their efficiency against adult worms and eggs. Artemisinin 400 mg/kg with praziquantel 500 mg/kg daily was utilised for a 2-day treatment, artemisinin 200 mg/kg with praziquantel 250 mg/kg daily for a 4-day protocol, and artemisinin 100 mg/kg with praziquantel 125 mg/kg daily for a 6-day programme. Using the statistical software for social sciences (SPSS) version 21, the level of significance was set at p0.05.

Results: Biomphalaria was confirmed in 60 (40%) of the 150 snails collected, whereas Bulinus and Intercalatum were found in 50 (33.3%) and 40 (26.3%) of the snails, respectively. Group II experienced the greatest reduction of 66.3 percent, compared to 58.8 percent and 56.5 percent significant reductions in groups I and III, respectively. In addition, in groups I and II, there were 77.8% and 74.2 percent significant reductions in eggs per gramme of small intestine tissue, respectively, compared to 63.1 percent in group III. When compared to 66.14 percent in the control, there was a substantial decrease in the percentage of total immature stages in group I of 6.14 percent. Furthermore, the protocol of Artemisinin 100 mg/kg with Praziquantel 125 mg/kg daily (6-day protocol) resulted in declines of 43.9 percent and 42.4 percent in total and female worm loads, respectively, with a statistically significant jump of 57.57 percent. Intestinal tissue egg loads were reduced by 63.1 percent to 77.8%, and liver egg loads were reduced by 56.5 percent to 66.3 percent, respectively.

Conclusion: The combined action of the medications showed moderate efficacy against experimental S. Mansoni, with a considerable reduction in tissue egg load.

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