Environmental Degradation of the Activities of Illegal Refineries on the Mangrove Ecosystem: .......

Escravos, situated in the Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State and home to two major transnational oil companies Shell and Chevron, was the subject of a report on the environmental impact of illegal refinery operations on the mangrove ecosystem. To meet the study's goal, water and sediment samples were obtained from both remediated and impacted sites, and heavy metal, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels were measured (PAH). The extraction of TPH and PAH from soil was achieved using the Soxhlet process, and the presence of heavy metals was determined using the atomic-absorption spectrophotometry method. TPH concentrations were found to be in the order RS1 > RS3 > RS2 > RS1 in the impacted sediment, with TPH levels in the impacted sediment being higher than those in the remediated sediment. In this analysis, the abundance of metal concentrations is in the following order: Fe > Zn >Mn>Pb> Cu > Cd and Ni. The net concentrations of the metals investigated for both seasons indicate that all of the metals investigated in the dry season are higher than those investigated in the rainy season, according to the findings of this report. The concentrations of PAHs in the sediments were higher than in the water samples in this analysis.

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