Flue Gas Emissions and Performance Evaluation of Small-scale Solid Waste Incinerators at Njokerio an

Solid waste management is difficult and the technique of incineration is more favoured in industrial and residential settings than in other techniques of mass and volume reduction, odor removal and energy recovery. In Njokerio, Ng'ondu and Green Valley estates in Njoro, Kenya, the problems faced by residents included badly built open-waste collection systems, exceeding loading rates for incinerators and insufficient operating temperatures. Inadequate construction requirements, improperly mixed solid waste with high moisture content, resulting in high emissions of toxic heavy dense smoke, are also included. The goal of this study was to evaluate factors affecting emissions of flue gases and small-scale incinerator efficiency. To classify patterns, means, F-values and Least Significant Different (LSD) at ., the data collected was statistically analyzed. Mean emission values for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and hydrocarbon (HC) ranging from 5 to 11 ppm, 5 to 14 percent and 508 to 1168 ppm, respectively, were produced by waste incineration at varying moisture content (MC) from 15 to 75 percent. Varying the load rates provided by the incinerator from 15 to 75 kg/h means CO ranging from 5 to 12 ppm, CO2 from 5 to 14 percent, and HC from 252 to 1096 ppm. Incineration of waste at various operating temperature ranges from 180 to 900 ° C led to a mean emission range of 14 to 5 ppm, 15 to 6 percent and 1253 to 316 ppm respectively for CO, CO2 and HC. Compared to the others, the Egerton University dispensary incinerator had the best incineration efficiency. High moisture content, overloaded incinerators and low operating temperature levels led to elevated flue gas emissions leading to dark and thick smoke, resulting in incomplete combustion of waste suggesting poor output of incineration. Incineration of waste provided white and fine bottom ash at low loading rates, low moisture content and high operating temperatures, low carbon levels, indicating full combustion of waste.

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