Gender-Related Differences and Mortality Predictors among Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients: A Mult....

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both men and women around the world. Both genders can show different symptoms and signs, respond to therapy differently, and have differing degrees of tolerance for their disease. Hemodialysis (HD) is the most common form of renal replacement therapy in Egypt, with a growing number of hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to see if there were any gender-related differences in clinical and biochemical characteristics among HD patients. Mortality events in both genders were also reported, and mortality predictors in the HD population were investigated.

Methods: This multicenter study used a cross-sectional design and included 2158 patients (1241 males and 917 females) undergoing hemodialysis in 25 hemodialysis units across six Egyptian governorates. The research began in June 2016 and ended in May 2017. The information was taken from the patients' medical records. The mortality events in the included HD patients were observed and reported over the course of a year.

Males on HD had a slightly lower body mass index (BMI) and were dialyzed less effectively. Their blood pressure readings were substantially higher than the average. Males have had significantly higher serum albumin and significantly lower serum potassium levels than females. During the one-year follow-up period, the total mortality rate was 6.9% (149 deaths), with a substantial male predominance (7.9% in males vs. 5.6 percent in females, p=0.03). Within the first 14 months of beginning hemodialysis, the mortality rate was highest. Patients with diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD), anaemia with low haemoglobin, and low serum albumin had statistically significantly higher mortality. The mortality risk in HD patients with IHD is nearly equivalent, while low serum albumin was related to a threefold increase in mortality risk in the HD patients studied.

Conclusion: Gender differences in clinical and laboratory features, as well as mortality, occur in Egyptian HD patients and should be taken into account when developing management guidelines to accommodate gender differences.

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