Molecular Detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense Race TR4 Infecting Banana Groups in Indo-Ga

Fusarium oxysporum f. incited Panama wilt, or Fusarium wilt. Hey, sp. Cubense (Foc) is a significant threat to the production of bananas and has an impact on symbolic economic losses worldwide. In India, Foc race 1 and race 2 were previously found, eventually spreading the monoculture of 'Cavendish' resistant bananas against these two races. Later on, in the 'Cavendish' banana category, another new race TR4 of Foc was detected to be incited, creating a worrying situation for the global banana industry. Detailed surveys were conducted in common banana growing districts of West Bengal, India in the present study to visualise the impact of disease incidence as well as collection of isolates from infected suckers and rhizomes of 'Cavendish' banana in order to establish a rapid detection technique to detect the presence of Foc TR4 race at the early stages of infection. Field analysis methods accompanied by pathogen isolation, pathogenicity test and further molecular detection by means of Foc TR4 specific primers. Results showed that the colonies formed on the medium of potato dextrose agar (PDA) exhibited characteristics typical of Foc. The pathogenicity test carried out by considering the stable 'Grand Naine' plantlet also established the characteristic symptom of Foc. In addition, the presence of this isolate in the infected samples was confirmed by a PCR assay using unique markers accompanied by sequencing of 28S-18S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer spacer (IGS). A very similar association of the Foc TR4 strains of India with Asia-Pacific isolates of Foc TR4 was revealed by phylogenetic evolution assays. This study advocated the importance of preventing Foc TR4 from being introduced into disease-free areas in India's banana-growing districts to preserve sustainable production of bananas.

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