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Pattern of Ocular Manifestations among People Living with HIV/AIDS on Highly Active Anti Retroviral

The goal of this study was to evaluate the pattern of ocular symptoms in HIV/AIDS patients on very active retroviral therapy (HAART).

A descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study was used in this investigation.

University of Benin Teaching Hospital and Central Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) clinics of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital and Central Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) clinics of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital and Central Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Between July 1, 2018 and October 31, 2019,

This study included 451 HIV/AIDS patients on HAART. A questionnaire was administered by an interviewer. They were all given a thorough eye check. A general examination was performed, which included measuring their height, weight, and blood pressure.

The age range was 14 to 75 years, with a mean age of 46.55 10.77 years. There were 451 patients (104 males and 347 females, with a male to female ratio of 0.3:1). The majority of them, 305 (67.6%), were married. A total of 210 (46.6%) of them had a CD4 count of 500 cells per microliter or above. Ocular morbidity was found in 385 (85.1%) of the participants. Uncorrected refractive error was the most frequent ocular morbidity in 262 patients, with presbyopia being the most common kind. Cataract was the most common complication, followed by allergic conjunctivitis and glaucoma. In 32 patients, HIV/AIDS manifested itself in the form of ocular symptoms (7.1 percent ). Dry eyes were the most prevalent symptom in 15 (46.9%) of the patients, followed by posterior uveitis related to suspected Toxoplasmosis in 9 (28.1%). Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, retinal detachment, optic neuritis, and Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus were among the other HIV-related ocular morbidities reported.

Conclusion: In patients living with HIV/AIDS who are on HAART, there is a decrease in the prevalence and a shift in the type of ocular symptoms. Because of their longer longevity, they are more likely to suffer various ocular morbidities. For those living with HIV/AIDS, eye health care initiatives should be implemented.



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