Serum Copper and Serum Zinc in Preeclampsia: Cause or Effect?

Preeclampsia is a multisystem illness that affects both the mother and the baby. The pathophysiology of this multisystem illness is poorly known, despite its incidence and severity. Concerned about the rising number of preeclamptic cases and a dearth of data on trace element levels in preeclampsia, a case-control study was done to investigate trace elements such as serum total copper and serum total zinc levels in preeclampsia.

The goal of this study was to estimate the changes in serum copper and zinc in preeclampsia and compare them to normal pregnant women.

The study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry at MIMER Medical College in Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, as a case control study.

Methods: A total of 120 people took part in this investigation. These were split into two categories. Group I consisted of normal pregnant women (n=60) and Group II consisted of preeclamptic women (n=60). At IIT Mumbai, serum copper and zinc levels were evaluated using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP- AES) technology.

The mean values of total serum copper and total serum zinc in the control group were 196.20 25.9 (g/dl) and 77.15 14.5 (g/dl), respectively. Copper and zinc levels were 213.13 38.6 and 76.23 13.13 (g/dl) in the preeclamptic group, respectively. When compared to the control group, copper levels were considerably higher in the preeclamptic group, but zinc levels were non-significantly lower.

Conclusion: Serum copper levels in preeclamptic patients were found to be considerably higher in this investigation. High copper levels could be a contributing component in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. Estimation of trace metals such as copper and zinc may aid clinicians in making an early diagnosis of preeclampsia and reducing or delaying consequences, so preventing injury to both the mother and the foetus.

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