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Stimulating the Rate of Phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil ...

At a crude oil spilled site in Botem-Tai, Ogoni, Nigeria, researchers investigated the use of urea in stimulating the phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in a crude oil polluted soil. In addition to the control (D), three phytoremediation treatments labelled A – C were used. A (Chromolaena odorata only), B (Chromolaena odorata + 20 g/m2 urea), C (Chromolaena odorata + 40 g/m2 urea), and D (polluted soil without phytoremediation) were the treatments, which were organised using Latin Square Design (LSD). In addition to other soil nutrients, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and total hydrocarbon content (THC) in soil and plant samples from the different treatment plots were analysed.The following are the percentage reductions in TPH and THC in soil: Treatment B, TPH (92.08%) and THC (95.37%) > Treatment A, TPH (88.95%) and THC (93.37%)> C, TPH (78.78%) and THC (83.29%) > Control, TPH (14.76%) and THC (32.90%). In the test facility, Treatment C had the maximum levels of TPH (2.67 mg/kg) and THC (20.57 mg/kg). The use of a stimulant (urea) in conjunction with phytoremediation improved soil properties including pH, nitrogen, and potassium. Treatment B (phytoremediation with 20 g/m2 urea) had the highest reduction of TPH and THC compared to the other procedures, indicating that low urea concentrations stimulate Chromolaena odorata phytoremediation of crude oil.




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