Update of Regulatory Options of New Breeding Techniques and Biosafety Approaches among Selected ...

New Breeding Techniques, a new set of breeding techniques established in the last two decades, have the ability to increase crop and animal breeding productivity around the world. Site-directed nucleases-based genomic editing procedures-CRISPR and Cas related proteins, Zinc Finger Nucleases, Meganucleases/Homing Endonucleases, and Transcription factors are among them. - Activator-Like-Effector Nucleases for genome editing and other technologies such as oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis, Cisgenesis and intragenesis, RNA-Dependent DNA Methylation; Transgrafting, Agroinfiltration, and Reverse breeding. Global debates continue about whether these technologies' processes and goods should be controlled as genetically modified organisms or accepted as traditional products. The understanding of the molecular basis of their growth, as well as whether the GMO intermediate stage was used, are used to determine whether they should be controlled as GMOs. For example, cisgenesis can be produced using Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation methods, a GMO process, but if the selection is done correctly, the intermediate GMO elements will be removed, and the final product will be identical to conventionally developed crops. Others, such as Site Directed Nuclease 3, are classified as GMOs in the United States, Canada, the European Union, Argentina, and Australia. Progress in genome editing science, testing of genome edited bacterial blight resistant rice, and the creation of guidelines for controlling new breeding techniques or genome editing in Africa are all discussed, with a focus on South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria. Regulators and policymakers should actively promote a science- and evidence-based approach to the control of new breeding techniques.

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